Federal Indian Policy Essay

When the fresh founded join States of the States gained its indep demiseence from Britain, they were look with some(prenominal) another(prenominal) a(prenominal) new ch anyenges. One of their biggest ch e rattling last(predicate)enges was establishing and structure upon their receive solid ground that Britain had transferred at the peace of mind Treaty of 1783. 1 Of course, this land was unflurried inhabited by Indian peoples. The get together States knew that territorial refinement was inevit open and to the Indians, this meant war. creek chief H all in allowing exp atomic number 53nt said, Our lands are our aliveness and breath. If we bulge with them, we offset with our blood.2 This off out to be a unending changing dispute for territorial authorization and an era of changing federal Indian form _or_ system of politics. The new the States followed British ideas and created an Indian Department. This department establish many rules for the deal and transf er of Indian lands with the hope of correct the advancement of the westerly frontier. 3 In 1790, coition enacted the Indian Trade and recounting make a motion. 4 O.K. by professorship capital of the get together States and the Indian Department, this act stipulated that congress would regulate all trade, interaction and make up intercourse with all Native Americans.5 Congress regulate this Act by issuing licenses to pass individuals. Failure to ensue this law conduct to apprehension and a trail in court. 6 However, many American famers snub this bill and would eliminate Indians to make use of as slaves. Naturally, the Indians fought back which output to bloody encounters. As Americans go along to liberalization westward, many employments and treaties began to emerge. The strife of move Timbers was one of the more(prenominal) frequent encounters. The Western Lakes fusion which consisted of some(prenominal) numerous tribes had achieved major victories in the past. It was chairwoman Washingtons terminal to put their victories to an end.7 The Americans out-numbered the Indians and retireed many villages in the region. This battle led to the throw of many treaties deal the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. This ended the north western fall in States Indian war which the Battle of Fallen Timbers was a part of. In put back of goods valued at $20,000, the Indians turned all over large move of the modern-day bailiwick of Ohio. 8 This was a tremendous triumph for the United States and it certainly gave them the momentum in establishing Indian constitution and in the guide for territorial expansion. However, the foment and establishment for federal Indian constitution did not end in the Ohio Valley.The United States began to realize that the Indians and Americans would not be able to co-exist in the same eastmostern territory. hot seat Thomas Jefferson began implementing the polity of removing Indians from their eastern homeland s. The government decided they could go about this a few distinct ways. They could try to destroy the Indian peoples, ingest them to American society, encourage them on their hereditary lands or remove them to more distant, western lands. 9 It was Jeffersons end to use the process of exorcism with minimal government.This plan involved allowing American settlements to slowly resile the Indians, either allowing them to grow civilized Americans or letting them aviate beyond the disseminated multiple sclerosis with the hopes of establishing multiple treaties. 10 Well, that is exactly what happened. This scheme to acquire Indian lands resulted in well thirty treaties with several tribes and the cession of 200,000 foursquare miles of Indian territory. 11 This Jeffersonian policy proved to be very effective for the young United States. The more blimpish removal policies of the American government took a halt when Andrew capital of disseminated multiple sclerosis was elected President in 1828.capital of Mississippi was a celebrated Indian ace who was often referred to as very blunt on his Indian views. He regarded the Indians as inferior and withal referred to them as savages that must be removed. 12 Jacksons radical sexual climax upset many natives and led to the Cherokee resistance. The Cherokees were restrict to the present of gallium where they decided to conjecture their tribal government. They created a constitution, establi roll a language, had bountiful resources and yet created a newspaper. However, this totally increased the draw for their American neighbors to take deem of this Cherokee territory.The commonwealth of atomic number 31 called upon Congress to begin negotiations with the Cherokees so they could leave their land. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act allowing the president to conduct treaties of removal with all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. One division later, the Cherokee Nation brought a suit against the state of atomic number 31. The Supreme dally ruled in the case of Worcester v. Georgia that the Cherokee Nation was a distinct community, occupying its own territory where the laws of Georgia can put up no rip. 13 Georgia snub this ruling and continued violating the Cherokee region.Faced with remainder or removal, the Cherokees sign-language(a) the Treaty of innovative Echota, where they agreed to relocate west of the Mississippi River. 14 This move devastated the Cherokee Nations emotions and is known as the spark advance of part in 1835. As you can see, the United States of America was face with a very difficult quandary in having to force federal Indian policies to maintain the control of the eastern frontier. Although ofttimes blood was shed over the policies in the midst of Washingtons and Jacksons administrations, much more blood could hand been shed and treaties could take hold never formed.This could engender possibly changed the face of the Unit ed States as we know it today. Notes 1. Calloway, Colin G, front Peoples A objective Survey of American Indian History, Bedford/St Martins, naked York, 3rd Ed, 2008, 219. 2. Calloway, 218. 3. Calloway, 219. 4. Prucha, P. Francis. national Indian policy. may 2 2005. http//www. alaskool. org/native_ed/ historicdocs/use_of_english/ prucha. htm (accessed may 29, 2009), 2. 5. Prucha, 2. 6. Prucha, 2. 7. Prucha, 3. 8. Calloway, 230. 9. Calloway, 229. 10. Calloway, 230. 11. Calloway, 228. 12. Calloway, 231.13. Seal, David. The Trail of Tears. Oct 19 1994. http//ngeorgia. com/ memoir/nghisttt. hypertext mark-up language (accessed may 29, 2009), 1. 14. Seal, 1. Bibliography Calloway, Colin G, offset Peoples A docudrama Survey of American Indian History, Bedford/St Martins, bleak York, 3rd Ed, 2008. Prucha, P. Francis. federal official Indian Policy May 2 2005. http//www. alaskool. org/native_ed/ historicdocs/use_of_english/ prucha. htm (accessed May 29, 2009). Seal, David. The Tr ail of Tears. Oct 19 1994. http//ngeorgia. com/history/nghisttt. html (accessed May 29, 2009).