A Bergerian Reading and Chris “Ludacris” Bridges

The whole of our existence is shaped by our experiences – the various situations that we find ourselves in. Parts of our experiences are influenced by what we see, and what we see takes us to new levels of experiences that allow us to situate ourselves in thoughts or visions represented by what we virtually perceive.Interpretations of visual texts, such as works of art, therefore are based on our perceptions and points of view, consequently leading to subjectivity despite the conventional meanings embedded within these works of art by the artist.Under these pretexts, various works of art, borne out of the social events, situations, or landscapes in the past, become subjects of mystification. Such are the views or perspectives of John Berger on art, particularly on Franz Hals’ portraits, the â€Å"Regents of the Old Men’s Alms House† and the â€Å"Regentesses of the Old Men’s House† (1580-1666) – that the social construct from which the se works were created are mystified because of its incongruity to modern times.Berger, a seasoned art critique, presented a complex yet analytical perspective on the works of Hals, focusing on their being representative of history and how they are inevitably mystified not only by our perspectives as inhabitants of the modern day world but also Hals’, in his own words, oversimplification of what the portraits truly imply.Moreover, because of Berger’s analysis and personal critiques on the work of Hals, we as viewers of the visual text, begin to understand that the portraits are not merely images that represent superficial artistic and social elements such as unity and harmony, the ideas formed from observing facial expressions, gestures, and such.Furthermore, Hals’ works of art are snapshots of the social and economic situations that the artist, the regents and the regentesses found themselves in.The portraits seem to capture the kind of relationship that exists between the artist and the subjects of art, expressing something more – a drama that represents a historical landscape that is shared by Hals and his subjects within a social environment that was illuminated and solidified by large gaps among social groups or classes – brought to life by Hals’ artistry and ingà ©nue in translating emotions and perspectives to visual arts.The analytical perspectives of Berger as explored in his interpretations of Hals’ portraits shall be utilized to describe the messages or arguments evident in a portrait taken of the actor/rapper Chris â€Å"Ludacris† Bridges. In order to do so, it is highly significant to go over Berger’s perceptions or points of view on viewing art, particularly of Hals’ portraits, by creating a framework from which the visual analysis of the Ludacris’ portrait shall be based on.According to Berger, the act of viewing pieces of art may be done in various ways depending on: a ) one’s perspective, b) the artists’ perspective, c) other people’s perspectives, d) the social, economic, or political situations within which the piece of art was conceptualized, and e) the present social, economic, or political situations completing a shared link between the past and the present.Moreover, Berger stressed that it is equally important that in order to understand the genuine sense or value of pieces of art, that viewers look or interpret them beyond their personal perspectives and the pictorial nature of the portrait.Viewing art should not adhere to convention of perspectives that was existent during the Renaissance because it limits the span of pieces of art to convey deeper and comprehensive meanings. The convention of perspectives isolates what the viewer might all-inclusively learn cognitively, emotionally or psychologically, socially, spiritually and such.Therefore, reading or interpreting visual texts should be a combination of one’ s perspectives as they relate to the artists’ and other people’s perspectives, and the connections between the social, economic, and political situations from past to present. Human beings should also be aware that they are represented by and connected to art, as art is also able to view the viewer because of shared visual perspectives.The key to analyzing Ludacris’ portrait is to view it radically, if we are to align ourselves with Berger’s ideologies and perspectives. Ludacris’ portrait, being an image intended to represent remarkable style to signify celebrity-like success, borders on deception and absurdity.The explicit message that the artist photographer Robert Maxwell intended to express was associated with the vision of Moà «t & Chandon; and that is, how adapting elegant, stylish, and distinctive fashion may be translated to remarkableness and success in the limelight that are consequently significant causes for celebration This argument i s solidified by the nature of the camera – a narrow and limited perspective of things and situations – utilized by Maxwell in order to represent a specific idea or though restricted by the visualizations or representations of Moà «t & Chandon, an well-known international producer of champagne that embodies conceptions of â€Å"splendour, pleasure, and prestige.† (Moà «t & Chandon)

Why and How Have Liberals Supported the Fragmentation

Why and how have liberals supported the fragmentation of political power? (15) Why Liberals are concerned about power, most basically, because power constitutes a threat to liberty. Their concern about concentrations of power is rooted in their emphasis upon individualism and its implication that human beings are rationally self- interested creatures. Egoism determines that those who have the ability to influence behaviour of others are inevitably inclined to use that ability for their own benefit and therefore at the expense of others.The greater the concentration of power, the greater will be the scope of rulers to pursue self-interest and, thus, the greater corruption. Lord Acton stated â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men. † behind Acton’s famous quote about power and corruption, he points out the liberal belief that, since human beings are individuals and therefore egoistical, they are bound to us e power – the ability to influence the behaviour of others to benefit themselves and they will use, or abuse, others in the furtherance of that goal.In essence, the greater the power the greater the scope for using and abusing others in the pursuit of self-seeking ends. Such thinking has shaped liberalism in a number of ways. In particular it has encouraged them to endorse the principle of limited government brought through constitutionalism and democracy. Liberals thus support, for example, codified constitutions, bills of rights, the separation of powers, federalism or devolution, as well as regular, free and fair elections, party competition and universal suffrage. Constitutionalism delivers limited government either by legally ring-fencing government (e. . , codified constitutions and bills of rights or fragmenting government power so creating a network of checks and balances (e. g. , the separation of powers, bicameralism and federalism). Democracy delivers limited gover nment because it bases government on a system of popular consent and accountably that also enables the public (through competitive elections) to rid themselves of unpopular or corrupt governments. The fragmentation of power brings many significant benefits. It creates a network of checks and a balance, ensuring that power is a check on power.Different bodies and institutions will eventually act as a check on each other. Fragmented government therefore creates internal constraints that prevent government from becoming a tyranny against the individual. Furthermore, it ensures that those who exercise power have only a limited ability to influence other citizens, thus preventing absolute power. How Traditionally, liberals have always supported fragmented government, checks and balances. Power within liberal democracies is separated between the legislature, executive and judiciary which act as both independent and inter-dependent bodies.The separation of powers emphasises it cuts on powe r into smaller pieces – thus preventing concentrations of power from developing – and that it creates internal tensions amongst institutions and power-holders which further diminishes the capacity of each to abuse or tyrannise the general public. Liberals support constitutionalism and consent because they fear that government may become a tyranny against the individual, based on the assumption that power is inherently corrupting and concentrations of power will lead to absolute corruption.This assumption is rooted in the liberal view of human nature: as individualism implies self- interest, those with power over others are apt to abuse it for their benefit and at the expense of others. Constitutionalism is the theory or practice of restricting government power through the establishment of a framework of constitutional regulations, usually involving the fragmentation of power to create a network of checks and balances. Liberal constitutionalism is expressed through supp ort for various external and internal devices, such as codified constitutions, bills of rights, the separation of powers, federalism or devolution, and so on.Liberal support for consent is evident in support for electoral democracy in general and, more specifically, sympathy for referendums and proportional representation. Consent is the principle that the right to govern derives from the willing agreement of the governed, who thus view the actions of government as rightful or legitimate. Consent is often in practice associated with the act of voting and therefore institutionalised through a system of electoral democracy. Liberals emphasise the importance of constitutionalism and onsent because both are mechanisms for protecting or enlarging the sphere of individual liberty by restricting the capacity of government to encroach upon the individual. This commitment to limiting government reflects the underlying liberal fear that power is inherently corrupting, a consequence of egoism, meaning that government is always liable to become a tyranny against the individual. Constitutionalism achieved this aim through formal, institutional and often legal restrictions upon government officials and bodies.Consent achieves it by ensuring that politicians are publicly accountable and, ultimately, removable. ? Federalism, based on the principle of shared sovereignty, devolution, parliamentary government, cabinet government and so on. ? Power is devolved from the centre to regions and at local levels. In the UK: regional assemblies- welsh assembly; Scottish parliament ? Human rights act: giving people rights in law which means that they have a check to defend themselves from being discriminated against by those in authority

Alistairs Heroism

Alistair suddenly woke up. He looked around. No He may have sworn to say what heard. He must have dreamed. When Alistair listened to it again, he was preparing to fall asleep again. This is a bit silly. Alistair got up from his cold mat as his bed. He has to find something about it. He wears a dirty patchwork cloak and passed the door of a crackling sound. His owner Torbin did not even notice his absence. Alistair quickly ran to the bush where he heard the noise. This week's geospatial Friday, we will enter space through British Guildford to meet Alistair Maclenan. Alistair is the founder of QuarryOne Eleven, a geographical B2B marketing agency, and is the president of UK GeoForum. As a very active participant in the UK geospatial community, Alistair recently wrote an excellent article emphasizing one of the main strengths of integration in Europe. On June 23, the British citizen will answer the question Is the UK a member of the EU or will you leave the EU? This is their first chanc e to decide their membership since 1975 when Britain participated in the then general market at the time and made the last referendum. This is not the first threat to the EU in the near future - Greece almost went to the door last year Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay Mike Todd McKay McLean Alistair McLean Alistair McLean Alistair McLean Charles McLean Moira McMillan Bonnie MacMillan Macrone Michael Madden Chris Carson Madgulkar Vyangicz Machalkar Vyankatesh Madhavan from the storage Maconie Stewart Dr., Cavery restaurants Madhavan Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan Meenakshi Reddy Madonna magazine Pradeep Magic School Bus Magic School Bus Magic tree House Magic Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Magic Tree House Mag ic Wood House Magical Tree House Magical Tree House Magical Tree House Magical Tree House Magical Tree House Magic Tree house magic tree house magic tree house magic tree house A sword of tungsten from Vienna led Amy, Dan and Nelly to Japan and found a clue related to Japanese samurai Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In cooperation with Alistair Oh and Kabras, three went to Korea who lived at Alistair's home. Alistair's secret library book took them to a hill called Pukhansan. The team found the entrance to the cave to hide the treasure of Hideyoshi and gold which is the third clue. Dan decoded the puzzle and deceived the Cabras, the Cablus escaped and sealed the rest of the cave. After escaping, Dan, Amy, Nelly visited Egypt as suggested by the puzzle.

The Real Meaning of the Type of Animal Caregiving Research Paper

The Real Meaning of the Type of Animal Caregiving - Research Paper Example Animal rights advocates have been campaigning for the proper treatment and care of every being other than man. One of the most popular advocacies is the crusade against the use of fur as a wardrobe that well-known fashion models have been supporting. It is also known all over that dog-fighting is highly discouraged. There are a lot of animal rights to enumerate. But as people become aware of the animals’ privileges are they also conscious of proper veterinary care for these beings? Veterinary care is sort of mind, not just the animals’ welfare, but their health in particular. Understanding the term and its etymology will help us understand the real meaning of this type of animal caregiving. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (â€Å"Veterinary†) states that the term veterinary derives from a Latin word veterinarians that pertains to beasts of burden. It is similar to the Latin veter- and fetus that is related to the practice or the knowledge in â€Å"prevention, c ure, or alleviation of disease and injury in animals, especially domestic animals.† The people who practice such skill and knowledge are called veterinarians. They also carry the title of â€Å"doctor.† But veterinarians are often regarded with lesser professional esteem compared to the physicians of human beings. Hence, few have developed an interest in this field. But why is veterinary care important? Apart from rabies, there are already a number of deadly animal diseases known to the world, one of which is avian influenza. These diseases can also be fatal when transmitted to humans.

Psychoactive Drug (Marijuana) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychoactive Drug (Marijuana) - Research Paper Example Marijuana contains various chemicals that only increase in effect, releasing even more chemicals when burned, making the chemicals more stronger and pronounced should a person take advantage of them. Some of the physiological effects that a person will face when using marijuana include problems with memory and grasping something new; distorted perception; trouble with thinking; lack of coordination; increased heart rate; anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks (Bonsor). In terms of the heart, marijuana can cause an increased heart rate, which can also lead to a higher blood pressure. The effects that a person will feel are similar to those of stress and of being overworked - by smoking marijuana, a person displays these while being stationary. They are making their heart work overtime, which, if experienced too often, the person is risking other heart-related diseases. The most negative effect of marijuana in regards to the brain has to deal with the ability to start an addiction with marijuana. Strong drugs such as marijuana increase the amount of dopamine in the neural systems of the brain. "Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is associated with pleasure (Young)." Too much dopamine in the brain will increase that feeling of pleasure, which is one of the methods that causes the start of an addiction. A person who is using marijuana develops an affinity to that feeling, a feeling that tends to deplete them of negative feelings and emotions while under the influence of marijuana. They begin to smoke to get that feeling back, which is why marijuana tends to be a drug used for medical purposes, especially when a persons emotion is being greatly affected. Succumbing to addiction is something that is incredibly common with drugs. The person using the drug likes the effects to the point where they have to

Bussiness communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bussiness communication - Assignment Example She is working for our store for the last three months and is an hourly employee. A recent disruption occurred due to which our Company faced a considerable loss. Karl Martin, the manager of the store, informed me about Ms. Jackson’s late arrival. He stated that Ms. Jackson was one and a half hour late to work without informing any senior staff member. Several of our regular customers who went in to get their morning coffee complained that the store was closed. There was an overall loss of twenty customers and the company lost a hundred of dollars because of Ms. Jackson’s irresponsible behavior at work today. I myself went to the store two hours later and Ms. Jackson did not made any efforts to inform me. The recording of the CCTV footage shows that she did arrived late at work. I discussed this issue with Mr. Martin who himself was perplexed to have witnessed such disruptive behavior by his employee. We have thoroughly assessed the situation as the decision to be made is precarious. This situation has presented us with limited options. As the store has newly opened, and is currently short on staff, we cannot dismiss Ms. Jackson for her mistake. There is only one applicant, Jerry Wright, who is not well-recommended. We are unwilling to hire him as he does not have a worthy track record and is not quite reliable for this job. Hiring new employees would not be a wise decision either, because the company would have to go through the process of training the employees which would be costly. In addition, we are not sure of the availability of new employees who may be willing to work in the store. This has left me to take a valid decision to let Ms. Jackson continue with her services. I have pondered about this situation and the scenario has presented me to consider the valuable dedication with which Anna Jackson has worked. I personally feel that she would be facing some personal problem

Healthcare Administration 8 questions Assignment

Healthcare Administration 8 questions - Assignment Example The prevalence as well as the sustainability of communicable diseases which is another macro-trend in the United States has been a major concern for the healthcare practitioners and they are currently devising a long-term plan on how to handle the situation. Tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases have been ranked as the leading communicable diseases in the United States. Future research is expected to focus on relaying actual statistics on the rate of new infections and other underlying statistics on communicable diseases (Kronenfeld, 2002). Child health which focuses on infant mortality rate is regarded as a very vital macro-trend in the United States that requires a lot of attention so as to enable the realization of strategies in the healthcare system. Chronic diseases remain the greatest cause of infant mortality in the country. Diseases such as asthma are recorded to the leading cause of absenteeism in schools because its management is very costly and cannot be afforded by most families (Ryff, 2001). A recent article by Molly Worthen of the Daily beast indicated that nothing much has been achieved in the United States even with the presence of the Obamacare. Healthcare system has become considerably costly due to the presence of indirect costs incurred by those seeking health services. Hence, there is need for a complete overhaul in the entire health system and the present macro-trends. Dan Mangan of cnbc in an article titled, â€Å"US: Well pay for health insurance. World: Not us† indicated that economic factor was key towards the achievement of sustainable policies in the health sector. The ever increasing insurance on health matters was not necessary and is viewed as a means by which the government exploited the

Environmental science Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental science Lab - Essay Example For instance, the journal experience on good use and recycling of materials has influenced the way I utilize available resources. Shopping habits have changed for the better and I have developed the discipline of shopping the necessary and important things. More notably, I have changed the way I utilize natural resources especially nonrenewable resources. I have gained profoundly from the journal experiences and I have observed many changes in my daily life. I have come to realize that our individual contribution towards the environment can have a remarkable impact. Undeniably, meaningful and positive change in the environment can only be realized when the individuals who understand environmental issues influence the rest of the population. Each one of us should be an environmental ambassador. Simply put, the journal experiences have taught me to be a more responsible global citizen especially when it comes to environmental conservation. Each step of the journal experiences was enjoy able. It fills me with gratification knowing that my contribution towards the environment is greatly

Personal Epiphany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Epiphany - Essay Example Since my destination was still an hour away, I did sit back to observe the station. To my astonishment, a group of children dressed in dirty clothes rushed into the train. Before I could realize what was happening, they started to do all sort of things – begging, singing, offering to polish the travellers’ shoes, cleaning the floor and selling knickknacks. I happened to notice a very small boy who stood out from the crowd. His grimy face camouflaged cherubic features. There were four of them in the group, but all the others dispersed as soon as I met them. I guessed they went to the other compartments, probably in search of other large-hearted people scattered in the train. The lady sitting next to me was complaining about the heat and how she failed to get a ticket in First Class A/C due to the pilgrim season. She also realized that the food served in the train was not something to her taste and was about to throw it away when the boy went near her and stretched his palm to her as his pain-filled eyes implored all those in the cabin. In a reflex action, she shoved the food packet to his hands and he went out of the train and stepped to the platform in a hurry. It seemed that he was just looking for some food and forgot the need to get something more before the train moved. As the train stayed in the station for five more minutes, I couldn’t help looking outside to see what the boy was up to. I saw him settle down near a pillar and open the packet hastily. I also saw how much he needed the food, from his slim frame and the anticipatory glee writ large on his face. At the exact moment he opened the packet, I saw an older girl like him, in tatters, approaching him and before he could do anything, she snatched the packet away from him and started to run through the platform making hysterical gestures. She laughed aloud and threw the food

Trusts Law And Reasons For Appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trusts Law And Reasons For Appeal - Essay Example 2. The facts of the High Court case are as follows: Vallee the plaintiff was an adopted child of the deceased. She was staying in France, but one day she called on the deceased before his demise in the third quarter of 2003. She promised him that she would return during Christmas, to which he answered that he did not contemplate to live up to the time and that his desire was to hand over his house to her upon his death. The deceased handed over the title deeds to the land on which the house was built and a key to the estate to her. He also gave her a plastic container with his war treasures and a photo album. Four months later, he passed on. The defendant was informed of her father’s demise by the Coroner’s Office, which regretted that the deceased had not left any valid will specifying how the estate would be divided. 3. In 2006, the defendant directed lawyers, who contacted the treasury solicitor in writing to claim the property on the grounds that her father had given it to her by a donatio mortis causa; which is a gift whose ownership remains conditional until the death of the donor. The treasury refused her claim and proceeded with an advertisement for any potential claimants.  The defendant, a clinician who was running a business organization named â€Å"Celtic Research Limited†, established through his â€Å"heir hunting† that the deceased had a surviving male sibling, Mr. Mykola Bogusz. He acquired a power of attorney from the surviving Bogusz and made applications for, and was given documents for administering the property on October 8, 2009, â€Å"for (his) use and benefit.† The treasury solicitor permitted Mykola Bogusz’s claim and placed a caveat on the property against further claims. Ms. Vallee filed proceedings in court seeking to claim the property by a donatio mortis causa. 4. The case came before the Oxford County Court on 26th October 2012 and was presided over by Justice Harris.

Food and Beverage Services Essay Example for Free

Food and Beverage Services Essay Then the service is done a laid cover on the table. Following are the type of service come under this category: English Service: Often referred to as the Host Service because the host plays an active role in the service. Food is brought on platters by the waiter and is shown to either portions the food into the guest plates directly or portions the food and allows the waiter to serve. For replenishment of guest food the waiter may then take the dishes around for guests to help themselves or be served by the waiter. French Services: It is a very personalized service. Food is brought from the kitchen in dishes nd salvers, which are placed directly on the table. The plates are kept near the dish and the guests help themselves. Silver Service: The table is set for hors doeuvres, soup, main courses and sweet dish in sterling silverware. The food is portioned into silver platters at the kitchen itself, which are placed at the sideboard with burners or hot plates to keep the food warm in the restaurant. Plates are placed before the guest. The waiter then picks the platter from the hot plate and presents the dish to the host for approval. He serves each guest using a service spoon and fork. All food is presented in silver dishes with laborate dressing. American/Plate Service: The American service is a pre-plated service, which means that the food is served into the guests plate in the kitchen itself and brought to the guest. The kitchen predetermines the portion and the accompaniments served with the dish balance the entire presentation in terms of nutrition and color. This type of service is commonly used in a coffee shop where service is required to be fast. Russian Service: An elaborate silver service much on the lines of French service except that the food is portioned and carved by the waiter at the gueridon trolley in he restaurant in full view of the guests. Display and presentation are a major part of this service. The principle involved is to have whole Joints, poultry, game and fish elaborately dressed and garnished, presented to guests and carved and portioned by the waiter. Gueridon Service: This is a service where a dish comes partially prepared from the kitchen to be completed in the restaurant by the waiter or, when a complete meal is cooked at the tableside in the restaurant. The cooking is done on a gueridon trolley, which is a mobile trolley with a gas cylinder and burners. The waiter plays a rominent part, as he is required to fillet, carve, flamb © and prepare the food with showmanship. The waiter has to have considerable dexterity and skill. Snack-bar Service: Tall stools are placed along a counter so that the guest may eat the food at the counter itself. In better establishments, the covers are laid out on the counter its

Effect of Stress on Academic Performance of Students

Effect of Stress on Academic Performance of Students The Impact of Stress on Academic Success in College Students XU YONGQI Sometimes college life can be very stressful, because the pressure from study, relationship, responsibilities and so on. Therefore, defining what cause to stress, how to deal with stress are very important for college students. According to stimulus-based, response-based, and dynamic process, there are three ways of defining stress. Firstly, from Oxford English Dictionary: â€Å"to subject (a material thing, a bodily organ, a mental faculty) to stress or strain; to overwork, fatigue†, in other words, pressure produces stress (Butler, 1993). Secondly, stress is the response of noxious or aversive stimuli, which depends on one’s specific characteristics (Selye, 1956). Thirdly, stress as a dynamic process has reflected both internal and external factors, which includes the first and second definitions of stress: the characters of people and their circumstances. Moreover, it also involves the interactions between them (Butler, 1993). Based on the definitions of stress, it is difficult to draw a conclusion that the effects of stress are negative, because nothing is good or bad but by conditions. Therefore, the article is going to describe both sides of stress by analysing the good and bad effects of stress. Furthermore, the article will discuss the impact of stress on academic success in college students according to the competition of grades, the need of performance, relationship problems, career choice and many other aspects of the college students’ circumstances (Counseling Wellness Center, 2013). College students need to face the stress, so it is significant and necessary for them to deal with stress by using a good way. There are some good effects of stress. Firstly, stress will help people become more creative. People usually has more stress when they move into a new path, not only because it was new to them, but also because they do not know how other people deal with it. If people have the opportunities to ask a writer or an artist on the creative process of their arts, the most frequent answer is that they become successful person by achieving their goals when they are under the stress and suffering from it. Dr psychologist Larina Kase, says that Stress is often accompanied by a breakthrough in creativity. If your mind is completely normal and comfortable, you will not have any reason to see things differently. Secondly, stress is good for the immune system. Many studies show that the bodys immune system will benefit from the short-wave stress elicit the fight or flee (the tension is when people do the test, race or play games with time limits.) Stress can be useful for the immune system, it is claimed by Dr.  Mark Goulston -psychiatrist. Doctor also explained cortisol (also called stress hormone) appearing will increase immunity to the body, but only where balanced and moderate. Last but not least, stress helps people solve the problems. Most of people experienced stress due to face a difficult situations in their lives or forced to give an important decisions. Stress this fact can be quite useful, because stress manifestation of people’s values. If people do not care, they will not worry about it at all. Therefore, listen to what stress is will help people find the way to solve the problems. Many studies indicate that people feel happiest when they understand their own emotions and know how to deal with it. Nevertheless, excessive anxiety can also cause the opposite effect, such as depression and anxious. This paragraph will talk about the common stressors in college life. As I mentioned above, college life can be stressful, there are all kinds of stressors we can find in college. And the reasons of stress can be greateracademicdemands, financial responsibilities. Some problems like being away from home, changes in family relations and one’s social life, facing new environment and exposure to new people, ideas, and temptations, and preparing for life after graduation, all of these are influencing the college students a lot. What’s more, psychological make-up can also play an important role in vulnerability to depression, for people who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism, or are readily overwhelmed by stress may be especially prone to depression. Moreover, these are several bad effects of stress. Stress is, something one must not have too much of it; in other words, it is something one must not experience too much of it as it come with heavy ill effects on socially, medically and psychologically. According to many studies done in universities and research facility, the stress influences lives to certain degree that one might not able to recover from ill effects that stress brings. Primarily, socially, stress could affect the decisions one makes in everyday life; in other words, it will influence one’s social interaction with others such as friends, families and their work. One might say such opinion is exaggerated, but many research indicates that it is not overstated opinion. For instance, relationships are broken because they couldn’t handle the stress brought from the relationship. Furthermore, such stress could influence the relationship with friends due to the peer pressure that might be one large stressor in certain people’s lives. This might even bring some men and women to commit suicide or think about it. Furthermore, stress could bring unwanted effect in medically. Overloading of stress could bring our immune system down, enabling the harmful bacteria to enter our body system more easily and it disables our immune system to fight such bacteria effectively. Basically, one would have hard time recovering from illness when one gets sick when he or she is in stressful times. Furthermore, stress could make people commit unhealthy behaviour such as eating too much of food, drinking alcoholic drinks, excessive smoking and so on, leading to main health issues such as obesity, alcoholic issues, cancer and more. However, physical and social harmful effects are not the only harmful effects. The third component that is affected by stress is our psychological well being. As stress targets people physically and socially, it targets our mentality creating psychological stress that could last for long period time. Moreover, such psychology stress could develop into disorders that could take long time to recover. For an example, depression is one of the common psychological disorders that are caused by stress; depending on the level of the depression such disorder could make someone to commit suicide. In addition, psychological harmful effect that brought by stress could be chronicle and it would last until one stops breathing. Some believes that it is the psychological stress that actually brings physical and social harm. In other words, all the harmful effects that brought by stress is psychologically, yet it is influencing our social interaction with others and physical health. In conclusion, stress is necessary in order to live our life; stress could bring our creativity to top notch along with the immune system in our body, furthermore, it could help people to face problems and challenges that blocks their path; however, one could also see that overloaded stress could make our social interaction, such as relationship, to be hectic; it could bring our immune system weak against harmful bacteria, moreover, it might make one to develop unhealthy behaviours such as drinking, smoking and eating excessive foods; stress could create psychological disorders for many people that lasts long and have no easy way to recover. In my opinion what really matters is that how one handle the stress that blocks her or his life; depending on how one take care of that stress or how one manage the stress, the stress could bring the good effect or harmful effect. Few suggestions of dealing stress are as follows; one could plan ahead and avoid such stressful event from happening; this method allows the person to be more prepared. Another method in dealing such stressful situation is to get the priority of what to do first. This method would help one to solve the situation or problems step by step, which will help to divide the amount of the stress one might feel. References: Butler. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560943/?page=1 Counseling Wellness Center. Retrieved from  https://www.counseling.ufl.edu/cwc/stress-and-college-students.aspx Dr. Larina Kase. Retrieved from  http://www.womansday.com/health-fitness/stress-management/7-ways-stress-can-actually-be-good-for-you-104481 Dr. Mark Goulston. Retrieved from  http://heohongtham.hubpages.com/hub/4-Positive-Effects-of-Stress

Changes After Altered State of Consciousness

Changes After Altered State of Consciousness Discuss ways in which people can be transformed after experiencing an altered state of consciousness. Within this essay the subject matter of a personal transformation after experiencing what is classed or deemed as an Altered State of Consciousness or A.S.C. this term is commonly known in philosophy and certain medial fields will be discussed further in the body of the essay. After experiencing an altered state of consciousness individual lives have changed either in a positive or negative direction. However their personalities and characteristics radically altered afterwards and the resultant new lifestyle has shaped them to date. To achieve these objectives, various research cases, historical records; and eyewitness accounts will be explored and deliberated upon to complete the parameters of this essay. With the experimentation in the use of psychotropic drugs for example Ecstasy, Benzodiazepines, Methadone, Amphetamines and Cocaine such usage can bring about various altered states of consciousness. As well as the known euphoria other transformational effect can be those of mental health issues and of addiction. During the 1960s or psychedelic era many musicians and bands took to using LSD to cope with not only the long hours of touring but to be inspired by the visions and effects LSD had on them. Their imagery, and style of music radically changed over the period of this decade and it was mostly down to the influence of these substances use. Founding member of the band Fleetwood Mac Peter Green had been a user of the drug called Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, which is better known as LSD or Acid. On January the 26th 1977 Green was sent to prison, for threatening his accountant with a shotgun which he had smuggled from Canada but due to failing the psychiatrist test he was institutionalised rather than incarcerated. (Swanson, January 26th 2016) Fleetwood Mac guitarist Jeremy Spencer spoke about an Incident just before Peter Green was about to leave the band. While in Munich Peter Green hung out with what the band members called the German Jet Set Spencer described the setup as a kind of hippie commune he went on to describe. We arrived there, and [road manager] Dennis Keane comes up to me shaking and says, Its so weird, dont go down there. Pete is weirding out big time and the vibes are just horrible.' (Swanson, January 26th 2016) When Peter Green left the band in 1970 he still continued to take LSD, his use of the mind altering substance made his behaviour more and more erratic. Wanting no part in his former success and selling all his guitars he began to hear voices telling him to do nasty things he. He began, according to his brother Len Green, taking odd jobs like becoming a gravedigger. It was during this period of his life he was committed to various psychiatric hospitals receiving electroconvulsive therapy or shock therapy. Due to the royalty cheques Peter Green was continually receiving and him not wanting them; this brought about him going to his accountant. After his imprisonment and commitment to a mental institution he was put under heavy sedation he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and in time he was released to the care of his brothers family where he convalesced. (Swanson, 2016) The most noted of the bands and composers that had a transformation through LSD was the late John Lennon from the Beatles. In her book John by Cynthia Lennon she writes about his and her usage of the drug. She reflects that initially Johns use of LSD did not have a massive impact on his musical career, as his drug-taking took place outside of concerts and recording sessions. However Cynthia explains that over time his song writing to became influenced and not just Johns but Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr (Lennon, 2006 p243) During a party that they attended Cynthia was given LSD unaware of the effect was terrifying the second time under pressure by John since his usage was putting a strain on his and Cynthias marriage (Lennon, 2006 p 245). She talks about seeing her face turning into a skull and her Terry Doran who was a friend of Brian Epstein transform into a snake then alligator (Lennon, 2006 p245). These altered states resolved Cynthia to never try the drug again. John was not the only member to partake of the drug, in the biography John Lennon. The Life by Philip Norman Paul McCartney had never shared an experience or trip as it is known within the drug culture, with John and on the first occasion Paul saw John as a king, the absolute Emperor of Eternity in control of it all. (Norman, 2009 p492). Throughout history there has been countless of people that through having a spiritual emergence have had their lives radically transformed. Regardless of religious context, there are certain similarities to those experiencing these transformations. Two of which will be discussed. Firstly around 1412, 1413 Joan of Arc was born to a peasant family in Domremy, France. At the age of thirteen she first started hearing voices in the fields near her hometown in Domremy; and within a few years she was hearing them at least seven times a day. She came to recognize them as Saint Catherine, Saint Margaret, and Saint Michael; it was these voices that told her to aid the Dauphin, Charles VII in the battle against the English and Burgundy and see him crowned as the King which she obeyed although against her parents desire to see her married. At first she was met with mockery and mistrust but out of desperation the Dauphin gave her a contingent of troops, under the command of the voices she came across the French battling the English and after rallying the troops she broke the siege of Orleans where upon she was known as the Maid of Orleans. Joan continued to obey the voices and she saw Charles VII crowned. However during the Battle of Compiegne, Joan was captured by John of Luxembourg. Joan was capture and subsequent trail in which she was deliberately discredited because of fears of turning her into a martyr. The trail itself was more political than lawful; she was sentenced to death on May 30, 1431. She was to be burned at the stake as a sorceress and heretic after she renounced the voices but her in her last act she called on the name of Jesus and that she never had meant renouncing the voices. Irregardless of her fate Joan travelled far, but she might have gone nowhere but for the voices. Her voices changed her life forever and her story is known by many by many to this day. (Wilson-smith, 2006. p3) A further example of in spiritual transformation can be found within the New Testament the first recorded mention of Saul from Tarsus or as it is known now by today as Turkey is in the book of Acts 7:58. He is a witness to the stoning of Saint Stephen. Saul was a zealot persecutor of the new Christian movement; he sought and obtained permission from the Jewish High Priests to capture and imprison more Christians. After receiving the documentation and permission he travelled to Damascus and it was along the Damascus road that Saul encountered a bright light and heard the voice of Christ which spoke to him. He fell to his knees blinded and was led to Damascus and there was baptised, once he was baptised Paul as then he became known as from the thirteenth chapter of the book of Acts travelled to Arabia to reflect his new calling by God. He returned to Damascus where he witnessed to the holiness Jesus Christ, having no instruction other than the words of God within his heart he spoke openly about Christ as the Saviour, to a point where his own life came under threat. He continued to do so until his beheading in Rome circa AD64. In his life time Paul wrote letters to the various churches which became the Epistles of the New Testament and changed the very landscape of the Christian faith, welcoming in non Jews into the Christian faith where before the ideology of becoming first Jewish and to follow the Mosaic Laws was considered the only way to become Christian. Paul became known as the Apostle of the Gentiles due to his persuasion and passion for this not to be so. (Emmons, 2017) Although spiritual transformation can be seen like the next subject matter that of NDEs can have similar characteristics but obviously the difference being that majority of spiritual transformations are not necessarily based on life ending traumas. It has been researched in quite some depth that there are various transformations that can take place in the lives of those who experience a Near Death Experience or NDE. The various effects of these range from a lack of fear of death, to becoming more loving and compassionate and the change of spirituality. In Dr Penny Sartoris book (2014) The Wisdom of Near-Death Experiences. This transformation effect after experiencing a life changing crisis is explained in the interviews and documentation. In one case that Dr Sartori researched she interviewed a lady called Marie-Claire who had developed meningitis prior to her NDE and was admitted to hospital where she stayed for a month. As her condition worsened i.e. becoming sensitive to bright lights and that her head was under intense pressure. She felt herself falling through a dark tunnel at incredible speeds she reached a place of golden light where her family friends her former patients from her time nursing and even her family pets where waiting for her. A voice, which came into my head, asked me if I wanted to remain with them or return back to where Id come from. Marie-Claire replied that she had to return upon when she was pulled back by what she described as a silver cord. As Marie-Claire was woken by the doctors and nurses that were attending to her she found herself in immense pain. Asking why they didnt leave her alone she was shocked by their response that she had died. Since I died I became a spiritualist and Im not afraid to die; I know for certain, this life is one of many. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) A further example taken from Dr Sartoris book, Pam Williams who lives in Swansea shared her experience of her NDE after Haemorrhaging from giving birth to her daughter. She saw the doctor who had came in his car, run up the garden path throwing his jacket and rolling up his sleeves. He proceeded to examine her, on reflection Pam realised that this would have been impossible due to the severity of her condition. He appeared to be trying to pull something out. He then banged on the chest and inserted a needle into my heart. He breathed into my mouth While the doctor saw to her medical needs to save Pams life, Pam described herself feeling fine warm, happy, full of joy, peaceful, gently floating towards a brilliant light. It wasnt until her eldest daughter called to her that she returned to her body. When she went for her postnatal appointment some six weeks later she described in great detail all that had transpired during the birth of her daughter much to the astonishment of her doctor. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) Since her NDE Pam Williams life changed. She described herself as an uneducated miners wife of four young children but in the next six years that followed since her NDE she returned to education where she qualified to become a nursery nurse, a RNMS and Staff Nurse RGN. Within four years following became a Sister on the Coronary-Care Unit in Sheffield; because of lack of fear of dying she continued to explore aspects of near death to where she became a Lecturer in Nursing and Palliative Care. I truly believe that had I not experienced near death, I would not of striven to explore death issues and would probably have remained content not to return to education. (Sartori, 2014 p.30) There are vast accounts of personal life changes after experiencing an altered state these are just a few recorded cases. Not all altered states have been positive and consequently have been detrimental to the individual Peter Green as it has been discussed was diagnosed with schizophrenia and John Lennon suffered with depression which in both cases may have been contributed to substance abuse. However on a more positive note those who lives have been altered either by an altered state derived from trauma or a spiritual encounter has in turn altered the lives of countless others from religious teachings to community volunteer work, the majority of NDE transformations are summed up perfectly by Marie-Claire I know for certain, this life is one of many. (Sartori, 2014 p.32) Referencing Swanson , D.S. (January 26th 2016). The Day Fleetwood Mac Founder Peter Green Was Arrested for Pulling a Shotgun on His Accountant . Retrieved 17 December, 2016, from http://ultimateclassicrock.com In-text citation: (Swanson , January 26th 2016) Lennon , C. (2006 ). John . : London . In-text citation: (Lennon , 2006 ) Norman, P. (2009). John Lennon The Life. London: Harper. In-text citation: (Norman, 2009) Wilson-smith, T. (2006). Joan of Arc: maid, myth and history. Stroud: Sutton. In-text citation: (Wilson-smith, 2006) Emmons, D.D. (2017). Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing Company . Retrieved 11 January, 2017, from https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/Story/TabId/2672/ArtMID/13567/ArticleID/16755/From-persecutor-to-Christian-The-conversion-of-St-Paul.aspx In-text citation: (Emmons, 2017) Sartori, P. (2014). Wisdom of near death experiences: how understanding NDEs can help us to live more fully. London: Watkins Publishing. In-text citation: (Sartori, 2014)

Radioactive Pollution - Lynas Essay -- Business Analysis

INTRODUCTION In this modern epoch, information is just a push of a button away as compared to aeons back where people either have to acquire information through word of mouth which may be highly unreliable or flip through hundreds of written articles and books just to obtain a single piece of valued information. Information is without a doubt within the grasp of every single individual and there is no excuse for anyone to not be up to date concerning current events. News in this present age travels as fast as lightning across the global communication system, which is the internet via news portals, e-mails, social networks and other network facilities that are made available. No news is latest news when there are so many global and local phenomenons that occur every single second and is immediately reported within the next few minutes. Social interactions within a society enables information and news to be exchanged and thus, allowing curiosity to flow simultaneously with research as some news are too good to be true and might seem ridiculous. One of the many current issues being faced by Malaysians this day revolves around the multi-million company, Lynas Corporations Limited. News on Lynas Corporations opening a plant (Lynas Advanced Materials Plant) in Gebeng, Kuantan spread like wild fire through the local newspapers and the internet as many Malaysians protested against the plans of Lynas Corporations and the Malaysian Government that approved the company’s rare earth waste disposal on Malaysian land. Fear swept through the country as many were devastated to relive the incident of Bukit Merah and to see the radioactive effects that will take its toll on the upcoming generations. Malaysian citizens did not hesitate to equ... ...how support or disagreement towards the government and Lynas. This comes down to what messages did the senders convey and what did the receivers understand of the messages sent to them. Works Cited About Lynas, Foundations for the Future. (19 March, 2012). Retrieved from Lynas Corporation Ltd: http://www.lynascorp.com/category.asp?category_id=2 Beck, A., Bennett, P., & Wall, P. (2004). Communication Studies: The Essential Introduction (2 ed.). London: Routledge. British Geological Survey, Royal Society of Chemistry. (2012, March 19). What are 'rare earths' used for? Retrieved from BBC News: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863 Malaysia Today: Lynas Rare Earth Plant - Worst Decision Ever? (2012, March 27). Retrieved from Malaysia Today Web Site: http://www.malaysia-today.net/mtcolumns/letterssurat/47519-lynas-rare-earth-plant-worst-decision-ever

Wheatley’s Poem On Being Brought from Africa to America Essays -- Poet

Wheatley’s poem, â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America† is part of a set of works that Henry Louis Gates Jr. recognized as a historically significant literary contribution for black Americans and black women (Baym et al. 752). Addressed to the Christians who participated in the slave trade, the poem is meant to reveal the inconsistencies between their actions and the Christian Ideal. Whether perceived as a work of sincerity or a work of irony, the poem conveys the message that an individual’s behaviors are influenced by the examples of others and that all people are equal. Understanding Phillis Wheatley’s intent in her poem, â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America,† is gained by considering all of the aspects of her existence when analyzing her work and even though perception is based on individual perspective, analysis and explication will reveal the contrariety Phillis Wheatley observed between society and the Christian Ideal and evidence her desire for the dissolution of every inequality. Phillis Wheatley was born in Gambia, West Africa around 1753 (Andrews et al. 770). She was forced into slavery when she was about seven or eight years old and purchased by John Wheatley in July of 1761 (770) for his wife Susanna Wheatley, who named her Phillis after the vessel that transported the young slave (Samuels et al. 543). The Wheatley’s, with their two children, Nathaniel and Mary (Brawley 12), taught Phillis to read and write in English and also tutored her in Latin (Samuels et al. 543). Wheatley studied the Bible, the Latin classical works of Virgil and Ovid, astronomy, geography, and history (Brawley 13). Much of her poetry consists of elegies (poetry written as a reflection on someone’s life) and many of her works are... ...//www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/phillis-wheatley>. "Phillis Wheatley." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 1 May 2012. . Puckett, Caleb. "Phillis Wheatley." American Writers, Supplement XX: A Collection of Literary Biographies: Mary Antin to Phillis Wheatley. Ed. Jay Parini. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2010. 277-91. Print. Samuels, Wilfred D, Loretta G. Woodard, and Tracie C. Guzzio. "Wheatley, Phillis." Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. New York: Facts on File, 2007. 543-45. Print. Wheatley, Phillis. "On Being Brought From Africa to America.† Baym, The Norton Anthology of American Literature 751-53. Wheatley, Phillis, and Margaretta Odell. Memoir and poems of Phillis Wheatley, a Native African and a Slave. Boston: Geo. W. Light, 1834. eBook.

Killing is Easy, Living is Hard :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Killing is Easy, Living is Hard I did my best to kill Bobby Ackerman late one April night when we were both seventeen. We were speeding down a two-lane highway, a narrow trail of asphalt that sailed off a ridge and down into a long, sweeping right-hand turn and then rushed past a white stucco house with a tile roof, a house that crowned the hill beyond a quaint covered bridge over a dry creek bed running parallel to the road. We were descending toward a little town named Crane, and we were flying. "Geez, man," Bobby said. I looked toward the passenger seat as the Plymouth dug into the arc of the curve. Bobby’s eyes were wide. "Slow down, slow down." Bobby grasped the armrest with one hand and braced his left leg against the hump in the floorboard. I could smell the beer on his breath as he fought to stay in the seat. The old sedan wallowed back toward the right lane. It was the first time I'd driven his car. But it wasn't Bobby's car, really. It was his dad's. His dad was a railroad engineer, complete with the traditional bib overalls and cloth cap. Bobby was my friend, trapped like me in the last year of high school. But he was different. I was secretive, sullen, and sarcastic, but Bobby was outgoing, with an ever-present desire to please sometimes amplified by a brittle manic energy. I liked beer, the drug of choice for our generation, but Bobby liked beer too much. That night he needed someone to drive him home. Now I had the old car racing down the road and off the ridge at something close to 80 mph simply because that was all the speed I could wring out of it. I'd made one turn, but there was one more ahead before we entered the valley and the town that lay astraddle a creek. The next turn was a sharp, banking left-hander, edged by a dozen or so white posts laced together by steel cables, and oncoming traffic was obscured by a little hill. I caught a glimpse of a yellow sign ahead, one marked with a black arrow curving around the words 35 mph, but I didn't lift my foot from the accelerator. My hands chased the steering wheel, persuading, begging the car to stay off the limestone bluff to the right, and the old sedan was reluctant, never steady, demanding one correction after another.

Why Does Bartleby Refuse the Aid of the Lawyer?

Herman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivener is a confusing work of literature. Some researchers think that in the story Melville described himself. Some others think that this is because of madness that Bartleby behaves so weird and finally, dies. In reality, Bartleby refuses to check some copies, but that cannot mean he is mad.On the contrary, he chooses this himself. He chooses how to live his life and how to behave. Many people think his life is utopian. Many people also cannot understand why he behaves this way. Melville tries to prove that Bartleby has his principles and cannot betray them.That is why he refuses to accept aid from the Lawyer because he thinks that this aid will destroy his principles and his life. Of course, every person has his principles, and that does not mean that every person is mad. On the contrary, people who have their principles cannot be mad. They are reasonable and conscious, even when their ideas seem to be utopian. â€Å"The utopian spirit as w e have been discussing it, is revealed through the written words of men who were critical of the world they lived in and dreamers of a better world† (Anonymous). And Bartleby, too, sees the world with a critical eye.On the one hand, he does not want to accept this world as he sees it. On the other hand and because he cannot accept this world as he sees it, he also creates his own world. This world is very comfortable to him, and Bartleby does not want anyone to interfere. â€Å"His face was leanly composed; his gray eye dimly calm. Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him. Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner; in other words, had there been any thing ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises† (Melville).Melville describes Bartleby as a very calm and balanced person. When he refuses to check the copies he does not show that is he worried or disturbed. He sees that the Lawyer is getting very angry and disturbed. He also sees that the Lawyer is becoming very irritated. If Bartleby were insane, he would not be able to preserve balance and calmness. If he were insane he would be more emotional with the Lawyer. Moreover, he is very confident that his principles of life are very correct. If he were not that confident, he would not make the Lawyer so much curious about himself.He would not be able to be so calm and to defend his principles. When he answers the Lawyer’s questions he does not lose his patience, because he knows that his principles are the best and that he has the right to use these principles in his life. He also knows that the Lawyer cannot break these principles. When he defends them he seems solid like a stone. But he also fears of losing these principles and his stability. That is why he does not want to answer the Lawyer’s questions: â€Å"Will you tell me, Bartleby, where you were born?– I would prefer not to. â€⠀œ Will you tell me anything about yourself? – I would prefer not to† (Melville). It is very probable that Bartleby has his own theory of life. He knows that the Lawyer wants to help him, but he also knows that if he accepts this aid, he will not be able to live as he lived before. He will not be able to protect his principles from the Lawyer. The story about Bartleby shows how difficult it is for a person to be successful. It is a material world. It values farms, goods, estates, and other material things.Unfortunately, â€Å"the ways of trade are grown selfish to the borders of theft, and supple to the borders of fraud. The employments of commerce are not intrinsically unfit for a man, or less genial to his faculties, but these are now in their general course so vitiated by derelictions and abuses at which all connive, [†¦] that nothing is left him but to begin the world anew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Emerson). That is why to avoid these problems Bartleby creates his own wo rld. In this world he has no obligations. He can do what he wants. He can refuse checking the copies. He can refuse working.He can also refuse leaving the office. This world is very different from the one in which we live. Still, this is the world in which Bartleby wants to live. Bartleby does not have a house; he does not speak about his past; he does not speak of anything at all and spends all his time at the Lawyer’s office at Wall Street. One day he refuses to fulfill his working obligations. He is not willing to leave the office; nor is he willing to leave the Lawyer. Unfortunately, no one can understand Bartleby. Everyone thinks he is insane. For this reason, he becomes a vagrant and soon dies.But what can happen if some day Bartleby decided not to refuse the Lawyer’s aid? Would this aid help Bartleby return to the normal world? No, it would not, but would make it more difficult for Bartleby to defend his principles. If he accepted the aid, he would also have to accept all other norms of the modern world. However, because Bartleby is so active and brave in his wish to protect his principles and his life, he influences and changes everyone around him: â€Å"Somehow, of late I had got into the way of involuntary using this word ‘prefer’ upon all sorts of not exactly suitable occasions.And I trembled to think that my contact with the scrivener had already and seriously affected me in a mental way† (Melville). That is why Bartleby’s behavior is not because of his madness but because of his strength and power, which he uses to live. When he refuses the Lawyer’s aid he also builds a wall between himself and the rest of the world. He does not want the Lawyer to become a part of his world. He is an idealist. His world is utopian.Many of us would want to live the life in the same way, but not all of us would be able to protect their principles from influence. Conclusion Herman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivene r is one of the most confusing works of literature. On the one hand, readers cannot understand who Bartleby is, who he was, and who he wants to be. On the other hand, everything we read about Bartleby looks like the story about a mad man. In reality, it is not madness, and Bartleby himself chose his life and his principles.Moreover, he wants to protect his life and his principles from anyone’s influence. That is why he refuses to accept the Lawyer’s aid, because he is afraid that the aid will destroy his principles, his life, and the world he has created for himself. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"About Utopia and Utopian Literature. † Emerson, R. W. â€Å"Man the Reformer. † A Lecture Read Before the Mechanics’ Apprentices’ Library Association, Boston, January 25, 1841. Melville, H. â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street. † Virginia Commonwealth University, 1853.

The Feasibility of Utillizing Basella Rubra

People nowadays use alugbati nightshade leaves for cooking and throw away the stems. Instead of throwing the stems, why not investigate a product from utilizing Basella Rubra (Alugbati) stems that will be a great help to the industry. Utilizing the stems of Basella Rubra is also practical and economical for the users. This kind of plant is abundant even found in backyards here in our country. It has spread throughout the tropical countries and one of the best tropical spinach widely adapted to a variety of soils and climates. Malabar n. has thicker tender stems. It is a good source of vitamins A, C and iron. The researchers decided to make Alugbati stems as a skin moisturizer because it possesses that commercial moisturizers have like: emollients. This helps the skin to be moisturized and soften. This study aims to produce and attempts to discover the capability of alugbati stems as a substitute for commercial skin moisturizer. It also aims to produce product that is less expensive and acceptable for people who has skin problems. Significance of the Study: This study is significant especially to persons that has a problem on dryness of the skin because they don’t have to buy an expensive skin moisturizer for there is already a substitute to it that is cheaper and environmentally friendly product. Statement of the Problem: Is it possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems? Are there any properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer? Hypothesis: It is possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems and there are also properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer. Materials and Equipments: The materials that will be use are clean containers, strainer, mortar and pestle, Alugbati stem, Glycerin, and perfume oil. Variables: The independent variables are: (1) Water (2) amount of Glycerin and (3) amount of perfume oil while the dependent variable is the Basella Rubra (Alugbati) stem. Procedures: The procedures in making a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems are: (1) Wash the alugbati stem and sterilize the containers to be use. (2) Peeling the skin of the stem of alugbati using knifes or hands. 3) Pounding of the stem of the alugbati using the mortar and pestle. (4) Add a little amount of water then pound again until it becomes subtle. (5) Strain to separate the extract and the stem. (6) Cool it aside. (7) Add glycerin that will make it a moisturizer and perfume oil to enhance its fragrance. Review of Related Literature: Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling poi nt. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent. Glycerin is also highly â€Å"hygroscopic† which means that it absorbs water from the air. Example: if you left a bottle of pure glycerin exposed to air in your kitchen, it would take moisture from the air and eventually, it would become 80 per glycerin and 20 percent water. Because of this hygroscopic quality, pure, 100 percent glycerin placed on the tongue may raise a blister, since it is dehydrating. Diluted with water, however, it will soften your skin. While people say this softening is the result of the glycerin attracting moisture to your skin, there is heated debate as to whether or not the glycerin has some other properties all its own which are helpful to the skin. Summed up, the current thinking is â€Å"We know glycerin softens the skin. Some people think its because it attracts moisture, but there could be other reasons. † Glycerin has lots of uses besides being used to make nitroglycerin (note: glycerin is not an explosive substance by itself. It has to be turned into nitroglycerin before it becomes explosive, so it’s safe to work with in your kitchen). Some uses for glycerin include: conserving preserved fruit, as a base for lotions, to prevent freezing in hydraulic jacks, to lubricate molds, in some printing inks, in cake and candy making, and (because it has an antiseptic quality) sometimes to preserve scientific specimens in jars in your high school biology lab. http://pioneerthinking. com/crafts/what-is-glycerin Moisturizers or emollients are complex mixtures of chemical agents specially designed to make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable. They increase the skin's hydration (water content) by reducing evaporation. Naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, as well as artificial or natural oils, humectants, emollients, lubricants, etc. , may be part of the composition of commercial skin moisturizers. They usually are available as commercial products for cosmetic and therapeutic uses, but can also be made at home using common pharmacy ingredients. Moisturizers prevent and treat dry skin, protect sensitive skin, improve skin tone and texture, and mask imperfections. ttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Emollient Alugbati is a plant used a vegetable. It is rich in calcium, Vitamin B (Thiamine, Niacin & Riboflavin) and Vitamin C. It is a laxative and has soluble fiber that acts like magnet to ingested fat and subsequently reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regularly eating alugbati will help reduce degenerative disease. Red alugbati has the added property of higher amounts of xanthones, an antioxidant. It can also impro ve and regularlize bowel movement. B-complex vitamins help improve blood vessel strength. http://gonatural. com. ph/herbalblog/alugbati-scientific-name-basella-alba-basella-rubra-linn/ Alugbati is a succulent, branched, smooth, twining herbaceous vine, several meters in length. Stems are purplish or green. Leaves are somewhat fleshy, ovate or heart-shaped, 5 to 12 centimeters long, stalked, tapering to a pointed tip with a cordate base. Spikes are axillary, solitary, 5 to 29 centimeters long. Flowers are pink, about 4 millimeters long. Fruit is fleshy, stalkless, ovoid or nearly spherical, 5 to 6 millimeters long, and purple when mature. Constituents †¢ Phytochemical screening of various extracts yielded cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars. †¢ Study isolated Basellasaponins A, B, C, and D, oleanane-type triterpenes oligoglycosides, together with betavulgaroside 1, spinacoside C, and momordins IIb and IIc, from fresh aerial parts. †¢ Leaves yield saponin, vitamin A and B. †¢ Fruit yields mucilage and iron. Study of wild Basella rubra showed it to be abundant in carotene, middle in vitamin C, and low in nitrate. Nitrate in planted B. rubra is about twice that of the wild variety. Properties †¢ Aperient, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, laxative, rubefacient. †¢ Mucilaginous when cooked. Uses Edibility / Nutrition – Common market product, a popular leafy and stew vegetable, and a good substitute for spinach. – The green and purple cultivated varieties are preferable to the wild ones. – Both the young shoots and stems are eaten.

China: Civil War and Communist Triumph Essay

* China: Civil War and Communist Triumph CCP gained control of the Manchurian countryside. After the war, the Nationalists appeared to have superior resources. They were recognized as the legitimate government. Nationalist party assassinated Wen (pg. 326) which showed their desperation to retain power. Taiwan suffered worse and they rioted in protest, 1947, but the Nationalist government responded with brutal and bloody repression. The government couldn’t stop the inflation and people had to carry bundles of paper money to shop. The CCP had a disciplined and well-organized political and military leadership. In Jul 1947, communist armies attacked several fronts in Northern China. Lin Biao completely routed the Nationalist party in 1948. In 1949, Nationalist generals surrendered Beijing and Tianjin. Mao Zedong formally proclaimed the establishment of People’s Republic of China. * Japan: The Occupation Ends and Means The Occupation’s mission was to demilitarize Japan and turn the country into a peaceful and democratic state which was under the authority of the Far Eastern Commission in Washington. Japanese government continued to function, but according to the Occupation authorities under MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Occupation supplied food and medical supplies and US become seriously concerned with rebuilding Japanese economy is 1947. People were purged, half of them from the military. Outside of Japan, people were tried and sentenced to death. Tojo as well who headed Japan’s wartime government. The emperor was not charged and was pressured to substitute a more open lifestyle like British monarch. Under the new constitution he became a symbol of the nation. Constitution went into effect May 1947.

Promote good practice in handling information Essay

OUTCOME 1- 1.1- IDENTIFY LEGISLATION AND CODES OF PRACTICE THAT RELATE TO HANDLING INFORMATION IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE The Data Protection Act 1998 (2000). This Act gives the individual, the right to see recorded information about them. The Human Rights Act 1998 details the right to a private life. The Health and Social Care Act 2008. This Act established the Care Quality Commission as the regulator for health and social care settings. The Care Quality Commission (registration) Regulations 2009. These regulations apply to all regulated activities that an individual may want to participate in. The Freedom of Information ACT 2000.This act allows people to access information held by the national health service. All relevant personal information held on different individuals cannot be accessed under this act and is protected under the Data Protection Act 1998 (2000). All relevant and personal information should be recorded accurately and factual. Essential Standards For Quality And Safety 2010. Every social care setting is legally responsible for meeting new essential standards. All individuals have the right to be safe to have dignity and respect; they have the right for opportunities, to complete tasks. All individuals have the right to be protected from abuse; they have the right to have a duty of care provided for their well being. 1.2-summarise the main points of legal requirements and codes of practise for handling information in health and social care- Anyone processing personal data must comply with the eight enforceable principles of good practice laid down in the Data Protection Act 1998. These say that data must be: * Fairly and lawfully processed * processed for limited purposes * Adequate, relevant, and not excessive * Accurate * Not kept for longer than necessary * processed in accordance with the data subject’s rights * kept secure * Not transferred to countries without adequate protection The Care Quality Commission also have national minimum standards about how confidentiality must be maintained. The inspectors from the organisation will check the systems for recording and storing information, and make sure that that they comply with regulations. All people who work in social care, regardless of whether it is for a large organisation or an individual employer should be bound by the professional codes of practice which give guidelines for professional behaviour that set out clearly the expectations of those who are working in a professional area. OUTCOME 2- 2.1- describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security- within the home in which I work there are many security blocks in place to ensure confidentiality is maintained at all times for the service user and the staff team. Regarding the service user all information relating to them is kept both on a hard copy, which is kept within our office within a  lockable cabinet which can only be accessed by those that need or have permission to access. Also we have a computerised copy which is protected so that only those working with the service user may have access. There is also other information present within the computer that only managers and seniors may access and this is only Kim Hare 01.07.14   possible through their individual log ins meaning other staff members may not access this at any time. Staff information is also kept as a hard copy and this is locked away within a metal cabinet and only the manager and deputy manager have access to this via a key which is kept with them at all times. This is also where staff 1:1 meetings information is kept safe. Again some of this information is kept on the computers but thanks to the information log ins for staff again only management can access this. Within our computers we also have encryption information meaning only those who have the authority to access this information are able too.

ICD-10 Implementation in the United States Essay

ICD-10 Implementation in the United States - Essay Example According to Sanders (2012), implementation of the ICD-10 will help healthcare providers to document medical complications, catalog diseases, thus making healthcare more effective. The implementation of the clinical adaptation will precisely illustrate the types of medical conditions met by healthcare organizations, and it will reduce medical errors and improve patient health outcomes. It will also help in the reduction of fraud and abuse in the healthcare institution. The transition to ICD-10 dives United States the opportunity to propagate public health disease and surveillance data globally. The healthcare industry in this country continues to advance medically and technologically, and incorporating a more modern coding system will be a major boost in the industry. The coding system offers many advantages that will cause an improvement in hospitals, medical device manufacturers and many more institutions. Enhanced quality care is one of the major benefits since it will lead to improving eminence carefor certain health conditions such as chronic illnesses. With each challenge, there are obstacles that lay ahead. The implementation of ICD-10 has encountered a number of challenges including implementation cost and planning, but in the push for healthcare reforms, it has seen its implementation which has more benefits in improving the healthcare industry. Sanders, TB. (2012). The Road to ICD-10-CM/PCS Implementation: Forecasting the Transition for Providers, Players, and other Healthcare Organizations. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 22 May 2015, from

Pakistan International Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Pakistan International Airlines - Case Study Example This report aims to research the main reasons behind the customer service issues in PIA that have been a constant source of not satisfying customers properly. Having traveled by PIA more than once, I have myself been subject to a few customer service issues, the details of which will be presented later on in the paper. The research discusses some of the concepts in literature pertaining to customer service standards and links them to PIA's existing standards; and analyses the areas where there is a gap between the two. In the fast-paced world of today where technology is the dominant factor, it is essential for businesses to retain their customers in order to grow and expand. PIA, however, has not been emphasizing upon this idea until late. The attitude of PIA, at least on the forefront, leads its customers to think otherwise. The purpose of this research paper is to identify the customer service issues faced by PIA customers while traveling by the airline. It is important for the PIA management to realize and focus on the specific issues that have been a regular factor in causing negative perception of PIA in the minds of its consumers (Anthony, Steven & Quinn, 2009). It is necessary for PIA to identify these issues and establish ranks; and accordingly identify the most important issues that are the biggest contributors to negative customer satisfaction. Only then can PIA modify its operations in terms of better training and address the issues in order to generate higher positive reviews from customers. The research will focus entirely on the customer perspective and will seek to identify the root causes, according to them of the problems that they face when travelling by PIA. Research Question The research question for this paper should focus on the customer and their feelings regarding PIA service. Thus the research question is: "What are the most important issues causing the greatest disappointment amongst the international customers of Pakistan International Airlines" The paper is focused on identifying the issues of international passengers since it is not possible to include the views of domestic passengers for the scope of this study. Furthermore, the airline industry has become highly symmetrical in that the domestic and international services do not have much of a difference. Issues identified in the international arena will also be present, to a certain extent, in the domestic travel. Thus, it is important to address international issues and identify the root causes of these issues so that they can be addressed. Marketing experts would advise a research question aimed at getting the most out of the customer regarding the root causes of the problems rather than the problems itself (Etzel, Walker, Walker & Stanton, 2000). Thus the research question will be accompanied with a survey aimed at finding out root

Minorities and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Minorities and culture - Essay Example A concept of whiteness often comes up in different contexts. Â   Social sciences, linguistic studies, psychology, social work, gender studies and many others are focused on the ideas of whiteness. There is no doubt that the concept of "whiteness" is an integrative element of the modern social context. It is often claimed that dark color of skin is similar to peoples inability of a high-level performance. A modern society is well known for the presence of full kaleidoscope of skin colors. The scientists have often agreed upon the existence of a certain biological and genealogical basis, which identifies peoples performance in the global society. A concept of whiteness includes knowledge of body language, ideologies, behavioral norms and some practices, which have been developed for many centuries. The American colonies and the history of European white roots have been often considered as the dominant in development of the concept of "whiteness" (Barrett, 1977). We think about race in a different way and whiteness is based on different social insti tutions, such as legal, economic, educational, political and religious etc. Rothenberg underlined that a concept of whiteness and a rigid differentiation between a concept of "blackness" and "whiteness" are deeply rooted in America. On the one hand, the Europeans were focused on the differences in skin color, but on the other hand, they did not emphasize theirs. White people have often been ruling. The European monarchs have reigned for ages and it should come as no surprise that a stereotype of white dominance became a wide spread one. A power of control often belonged to white-skinned people. Only a small part of elite gains its power because of the color of their skin. It can be often argued that white race is not the greatest benefit, but the inner contents. W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that a "white blindspot" was the name of interests, which related to some white people. A concept of whiteness has a

Business Research Methods Part 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Research Methods Part 3 - Term Paper Example Another potential challenge lies in data collection and analysis. Sometimes the data might be outdated or the researcher may not be able to collect comprehensive data to carry out research. Another challenge is to prioritize and filter information from the data – both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher needs to abandon redundant information and include only those which are relevant to his or her research (Sittig et al, 2008). There may be several methods which a researcher may employ in order to reduce the challenges and increase the authenticity of data used in research. Here the researcher has conducted both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the healthcare dilemma in American households. One of them is to involve iterative methods and the refinement and development of analogies, typologies and other methods to analyze data (Fitzpatrick & Boulton 1996). This is extremely important especially when qualitative methods of data collection are employed. The researcher may be biased or the participants may be biased in providing their observations and answers. Hence, conducting iteration is one way to reduce such bias in data analysis. Another way to authenticate and validate the data collected in research is to properly prioritize and sort out the data.

Withdrawal of Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Withdrawal of Care - Case Study Example The discussion should include the most efficient means of withdrawing the life support services; the needs and significance of withdrawing the life-sustaining treatment are to be realized by those who work in the field. The withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment legal and ethical aspects should as well be put into perspective before embarking on the withdrawal of care process (Gordon, 2008). Nurses have an incredibly decisive role in initiating the plan of withdrawing life support health treatment. In most cases nurses are in charge of taking care of hospitalized patients. Additionally, nurses are as well squarely responsible for executing the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment plan. In most cases, nurses are blamed for lack of sufficient knowledge and resources to put into practice the withdrawal of life-sustaining plan (Kirchhoff et al., 2010). Different Intensive Care Units have dissimilar and unique ways of managing and controlling deaths. As a result this has complicated the nurses’ practice of managing and implementing the life-sustaining treatment withdrawal initiatives.... By referring to his medical history provided by his sister and sister in law, the patient was at one time diagnosed with epilepsy. The patient had as well undergone brain surgery two years ago to access the possibility of brain tumor. In the recent days, the patient was reported to have be fatigued and having consistent out spells. Additionally, two month prior to the presentation of the case, the patient was also diagnosed with pneumonia. Since pneumonia treatment, the patient has been experiencing choric cough, was very weak and tired. Moreover, the ailing man had over years experienced elevated white blood counts. To address the problem, the patient underwent bone marrow biopsy After the initial physical examination, the patient was admitted in the hospital as a chronically and pale ill white male. The assessment on his neck did not reveal signs of a jugular venous distension. There were signs of diminished breath sounds as well as evidence of bilateral course rhonchi. The heart b eat was at a rate of 60-65 bpm. After detailed examination, there were no signs of clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. The patient was as well releasing small amount of urine and the feet were cool. However, after exhaustive assessment, the 50 years old man was revealed to have chronic pneumonia that incorporated massive emphysema. His condition was also complicated by respiratory failure, septic shocks, sepsis, renal complications, respiratory acidosis and leukemia, as well as mixed metabolic problem. There were also indications of poly-microbial complications due to the presence of smelling pus. Owing to his severe and painful heath complications, health practitioners concluded that, his chances of survival were about 25%. As a result, after thorough consultation between health

Meego operating system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Meego operating system - Research Paper Example The report evaluates various features in MeeGo operating system. The aim of developing MeeGo OS was to offer users a simple OS and enable them utilize the existing software on devices once considered unsuited to run some applications. MeeGo powered devices enable users go online as well as being entertained at home and when travelling. MeeGo OS provides users and developers a new platform useful in communicating, using office applications, and playing multimedia files. The OS incorporates rich features integral in mobile devices like graphic based applications and computation technology among others. MeeGo OS offers users an easy to use interface and also allows them to customize the OS fully. MeeGo OS was developed after the merger of Intel’s Moblin project and Nokia’s Maemo. MeeGo OS provides a vibrant environment for cross-platform creation of applications capable of functioning in various platforms, which promises to unite developers resulting in valuable services and applications. The operating system can run on various hardwar e like mobile phones, in-vehicle, net books and smart TV as well as tablets and devices sharing the same OS internals but different user interfaces. Mobile distribution for the OS supports isolated executions and implements a trusted framework, which is OS-protected although third party developers are unable to access it (Guruprasad TV, n.d). This evaluation illustrates the separation of OS into various layers useful to developers as well as user experience. Layer view is made up of 3 layers: Application API, User experience and Core operating system layers. User experience layer supports multiple platform segments. This layer offers application framework for every device profile. On the other hand, application layer contains MeeGo API, which incorporates the interface useful in developing applications. The latest application layer in MeeGo OS incorporates Qt mobility 1.0, Qt 4.7,

A Technical Proposal for Equipment and Software Essay

A Technical Proposal for Equipment and Software - Essay Example The acquisition of equipments and software for â€Å"Transformers Architectural Company† has a number of focuses with regard to individual Hardware and Software for use in the work. From every workers’ perspective, the employee will work from their individual own computers. This proposal paper aims at ascertaining the number of computers required in the organisation, the specification of every computer, application and software, as well as the internet connection. Further, the kind of communication facilities required by the architects and engineers working off-site will be tackled. A detailed budget report on the equipments acquisition and installation will be availed; the potential suppliers and their contacts will be provided for easier referrals. This will be a process aimed at development and enhancement of the working conditions of TAC towards effective coming up with outstanding architectural designs. Introduction TAC is an organisation with a staff of eleven emp loyees: the Chief Executive Officer, Finance Director, Sales Director, 4 Architects, 2 Administration and 2 Architectural Staffs, Engineers. With the transforming global technology, TAC has the objective of providing current and up to date equipment to make their practice more effective. With the provision of effective working computers, communication equipments and the relevant software, TAC will promote its working process and enhance its output. The effectiveness of work in any organization entails following up with the set guidelines and specified channels towards the realisation the desired outcome. The design principle in architecture shows that there are the guidelines that are in use, in architecture to organize and arrange events that take place during construction. The guidelines are made in a far more effective and efficient way with the use of computer application ascertained in this study. There are two workgroups at TAC identified with respect to this study. They inclu de executives, administrators and technical group. The executives will consist of the CEO, the directors and their administration assistants while the technical group constitutes the architects and engineers. With respect to the customer care services, the sales administration assistant will handle the practice with reference to the Sales Director and the Chief Executive. Therefore, the applications regarding the keeping of clients’ data and progress of work with respect to the engineers and architects will be carried out in this office. Thereby, the computer application with respect to this office will entail the use of Micro soft applications like Spreadsheets and Database mostly. The office of the finance director and the Chief Executive will entail determining the financial development and progress of the organization. This is with respect to looking for avenues of business by outsourcing probable clients’ financial solutions (Hill 2005). Further, advising them on the best methods of using their finances to acquire the best designs and, if under financial crises, on how to solve the crisis. Office Plan The office plan for TAC will constitute two departments: the technical and administrative department, all under the same CEO and Directors. There will be an office of the chief executive officer

Coherent Diffraction Imaging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Coherent Diffraction Imaging - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to give a general overview of the phase problem; to discuss existing iterative phase reconstruction algorithms, aimed to solve the problem; to consider their peculiar properties and differences. In addition, the recent developments in coherent diffraction imaging are reviewed, with an emphasis on the impact that this technique has on biophysics, biochemistry and nanoscience. Various lens-based optical techniques, starting from conventional optical microscopy to more advanced methods, such as phase-contrast, fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy are based on the exploiting of lenses to reproduce an image of the target object. The development of these techniques revolutionized many of scientific fields, especially biology, chemistry, medicine and physical sciences. Nowadays new methods of imaging have been appeared, among which the coherent diffraction imaging deserves a special attention, as one of the most promising methods of high-quality imaging of complex objects, including the imaging on the nanometre length scale. Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a modern approach of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional reconstruction of an object’s image on the basis of its diffraction pattern, which is recorded as a result of illumination of the object by a coherent beam of x-rays, electrons or protons and subsequent backscattered reflection. The collected diffraction pattern is measured and used for obtaining the image via iterative computational algorithms rather than via lenses (see Fig.1). Because of an image of a target object is created without the use of lenses or other optics, the method is also often called â€Å"lensless imaging.† Such technique allows avoiding an excessive aberration and improving a quality of image, increasing its resolution. CDI involves the â€Å"phase problem† related to the loss of the information that describes

Media’s Influence Essay Example for Free

Media’s Influence Essay From Congress to Clowns: Media’s Influence on Bow Tie Transformation The bow tie could easily be dubbed the ‘black sheep’ of the Cravat family. Its origins are none glamorous and it is rarely embraced, typically turned against and most often forgotten. It is noticed in only its fleeting moments of sheik or dreadfully offensive shock. Its history originating in utility and birthed from a distinguished sect was turned against with the advent of visual media. The bow tie was first seen in the 17th Century when Croatian mercenaries went to support King Louis in France (Pohl). To keep their shirts closed and to protect themselves from the elements they tied a loosely fit tie around their necks (Pohl). There is debate over whether the intention was strictly utilitarian; as long, lace neckwear was already a fashion in France there was likely some influence. King Louis quickly adopted the tie for fashion. He named it â€Å"La Cravat† and made it the required attire for upper class formal gatherings (Pohl). It continued its European trend and was brought along with colonization to America. The earliest bow ties were white and were worn for fashion and social class distinction. It remained in use during the 18th and 19th century, but was mainly isolated to politicians, lawyers and scholars as very formal and professional attire. Abraham Lincoln and many of our early presidents were often photographed wearing the bow tie reinforcing its representation of being a distinguished accessory. The first major shift in accepted bow tie use coincided with the changes in political ideology. A young America, wanting to distance itself from European classism removed the bow tie from accepted fashion practice. Outside of the very formal ‘black tie affair’ it was rarely seen. The general opinion of the bow tie changed as well, as it began to carry with it an air of pretense or snobbery. Warren St. John, a writer for the New York Times, describes this shift in thinking, To its devotees the bow tie suggests iconoclasm of an Old World sort, a fusty adherence to a contrarian point of view. The bow tie hints at intellectualism, real or feigned, and sometimes suggests technical acumen, perhaps because it is so hard to tie. Bow ties are worn by magicians, country doctors, lawyers and professors and by people hoping to look like the above. But perhaps most of all, wearing a bow tie is a way of broadcasting an aggressive lack of concern for what other people think (St. John). This idea changed in an important way in the 20th century. After decades of a clear break from European influence the bow tie made a come back, but in an interesting way. It was still fashionably outcast outside of formalwear, but it became an icon for individualism. â€Å"A list of bow tie devotees reads like a Whos Who of rugged individualists† (St. John). Interestingly this new trend coincides with the advent and surge in visual media, via film, news real, magazine and eventually television. â€Å"Mens clothier Jack Freedman told the New York Times that wearing a bow tie ‘is a statement maker’ that identifies a person as an individual because ‘its not generally in fashion’† (St. John). The bow tie would never be ‘generally in fashion’ even with visual access, but media helped to mold new thinking about it as a symbol and defined opinions of those who wore it. Its casual use was adopted by outspoken and prominent politicians, comedians, broadcasters, and many animated figures. The influence from Hollywood and T. V. media would create an impression that would stick. In T. V. and film comedians and animated characters personas who wore bow ties were portrayed as goofy, awkward, quirky or nerdy creating a stereotype that modern bow tie wearers can’t quite shake. Characters such as Jerry Lewis’ Nutty Professor and Paul Reubens’ Pee Wee Herman have helped perpetuate it. It is possible that Hollywood as an institution and ‘protector of class’ may have created these characterizations in rebellion to the adoption of the bow tie by mainstream individuals. Simmel writes, â€Å"the elite initiates a fashion and when the mass imitates it in an effort to eliminate the distinction of class, [the elite] abandon it for a different mode†. Acting on the elites behalf, visual media created and exposed these clownish views to turn the style ‘off’, to make it un-fashionable, so it could resume class distinction (541). Like the black sheep that it is, despite its sense of folly the bow tie also leaves the impression of being quite trustworthy. Many highly respected leaders, lawyers, politicians and broadcasters have donned them and some have even been branded by this signature piece. Winston Churchill was known for his signature blue and white polka-dot tie. Charles Osgood for his trademark tie worn during broadcasts. That sense of trust could stem from the idea that these men are brave enough to ‘go against fashion’ or because ‘they don’t care what people think’ we trust them to be more candid and honest. Advertisers picked up on this trend and companies such as Chevrolet and Budweiser have included the bow tie in their corporate logos. They also reinforced this association of trustworthiness and honesty with their campaign slogans. In 1996 Chevrolet wanted its â€Å"blue bow tie to be among America’s top icons again†, so it created a series of â€Å"15 second spots featuring just the bow tie in unexpected places with the printed tag ‘Genuine Chevrolet’ and the narration ‘the cars Americans trust’† (Halliday). Budweiser also made this association with their ad campaign featuring just their red bow tie logo and the words ‘Budweiser, True’. Though the bow tie has made a dramatic shift in the 20th century from a symbol of class distinction and distinguished conformity to a symbol of individualism and supposed trust, the bow tie has not waivered as the staple accessory of formal attire. There have been some recent adaptations, again brought on by Hollywood celebrities such as the black button cover or black bolo tie, but when alternates are chosen they are typically mocked by mainstream media. Black tie affair still means black bow tie by all accounts. The sophistication and style has been reinforced by celebrities in photos or films of formal dances, dinners and parties. Representing all the glamour of classic Hollywood and associated with the debonair Humphrey Bogart and Frank Sinatra. It has such a long standing tradition and symbol of what it means to be a sophisticated and classy gentleman that even Playboy picked it up and incorporated it into their bunny logo . In fact, Playboy’s use of the bow tie has in many ways taken the symbol full circle – the fantasy and money associated with having women and the ‘finer things’ in life really brings us right back to the ideas of class distinction and giving men something to aspire too. The bow tie has such an interesting history because essentially we aren’t sure what to think of it. Outside of its use as formal wear it doesn’t have a category or clear intention. Standing so far left of fashion it is one of those rare instances where those who chose to wear it really do demonstrate individuality and not out of a need for protest or desperation to be noticed. Finkelstein wrote, The basic irony of fashion is that it cannot succeed in marking the individual as truly different. While fashions may be touted as a means to be distinguished, the pursuit of fashion is more effectively a means of being socially homogenized. The historic success of being fashionable has been to provide a sense of individualism within a shared code, since individuals can look acceptably distinctive only within a restricted aesthetic. When they purchase fashionable goods that will distinguish them, they do so only from a range of goods already understood to be valuable. Having this understanding of fashion it seems to follow that one purchasing or wearing something un-fashionable truly is expressing their individuality. In the case of the bow tie it seems its wearers have less in common and that commonality derived by the observer has more to do with visual media’s attempt to categorize the wearer as something. Interestingly though, those known for donning the bow tie come from such a broad society base that stereotypes of general folly created by media characters do not really apply. However it may be that is exactly the point. When you can’t be categorized you will certainly stand out and in that case the bow tie, outside of the formal, acts merely as a signature piece with no real intention other than being noticed. â€Å"To be fashionable involves having specific knowledge about the value of goods. It is not sufficient to desire goods because of their utility† (Finkelstein). Clearly using the bow tie for the sake of the utility of being noticed makes the item quite un-fashionable, but maybe it is the individual outside of the fashion world who truly understands the value of goods. The bow tie is the ‘black sheep’ of the Cravat family, the outsider of the fashion world and that is its value. Visual media has changed its initial perceptions of being an item of social class distinction to that of a clown and yet despite its created perceptions those who choose to wear the bow tie outside of film and T. V. are highly regarded and trusted. Advertisers have picked up on this strange dichotomy and have even reinforced its credibility, but not to the approval of the fashion world. It is curious to think that the bow tie will ever become fashionable outside of its formal roots mainly because it has become something far more valuable than fashion. Works Cited Finkelstein, Joanne. â€Å"Chic Theory†. Australian Humanities Review. 07 March 2009. http://www. australianhumanitiesreview. org/archive/Issue-March-1997/. Pohl, H. â€Å"The History of the Bow Tie†. 05 November 2008. lula general articles. 07 March 2009. http://www. iula. org/the-history-of-the-bow-tie-16695/. Halliday, Jean. â€Å"Chevrolet ads seek to bolster image of bow tie†. 08 April 1996. Automotive News. Crain Communications. 07 March 2009. http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-18451431. html. Simmel, Georg. â€Å"Fashion†. May 1957. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 62, No. 6, 541-558. 07 March 2009. http://www. jstor. org/stable/2773129. St John, Warren. A Red Flag That Comes in Many Colors. 26 June 2005. The New York Times. 07 March 2009. http://www. nytimes. com/2005/06/26/fashion/sundaystyles/26BOWTIE. html.